My life, my interests, my research
“perché una società vada bene, si muova nel progresso, nel’esaltazione dei valori della famiglia, dello spirito, del bene, dell’amicizia, perché prosperi senza contrasti tra i vari consociati, per avviarsi serena nel cammino verso un domani migliore, basta che ognuno faccia il suo dovere.”
Giovanni Falcone
There exist an Italian version of the Power Map I blogged a couple of months ago. It is pretty interesting to see relationships between business men. There are lots of transactions happening between companies with shared board members. I think that tools like this one should be used daily from the internal revenue services. Below an example of application: I tried to show the connection of Marco Tronchetti Provera, ex CEO of Telecom Italia. At the time he was Chief Executive Officer, he was also in the board of Pirelli Real Estate. He sold many pieces of real estate from Telecom Italia to Pirelli. As Beppe Grillo would say: “He did not even had to call himself to make the deal!”.
Trying to recover from the jet lug I took a walk in San Jose (CA) downtown. The city seems to be relaxed and cosy.
Tags: chi2007
After a trip of almost 24 hours I am in San Jose (CA) for presenting the work I did this summer at Microsoft Research on how and why developers draw code. I will be posting soon the slides and the some more details of the publication. In the mean time a couple of pictures I took during the flight. First the silhouette of the Boeing 747-400, one of the best airplanes of all times.
Then, of course, the welcoming endless cue of the US immigration. A -sad- side note, they took my prosciutto because they say that it is forbidden to import meat … as if prosciutto could injury somebody …
Anyway, I am happy to be here. Silicon Valley and the Bay Area seems to be a nice place to hang out a couple of days.
Tags: chi2007
Premise: to have an idea of the experiment that I am currently analyzing, refer to this technical report.
These days I have been working on creating a meaningful visualization for the eye-gaze sequences that we collected in my current experiment on collaborative problem solving at distance. As explained in my previous post, the initial step to present the huge amount of data that we collected in a meaningful way consisted in constructing a time-series of the time intervals of editing of the utterances produced and the icon movements across the work area.
This time-series per se is interesting to compare different experimental conditions. However, does not explain what the peers were doing during the editing of the messages. To introduce this information, I used the eye-tracker data dividing the work area in top-level polygons: the map area; and the chat window, which was subdivided in history pane and composition pane. I mapped these three polygons to the basic activities of: identifying (map), reading (history), and writing (composition box).
Then I aggregated the eye-gaze data in sequences of permanence into one of these areas. Then, given the start time and the end time of each sequence I could complete the time-series superimposing a timeline visualization of these three basic activities.
An excerpt of the resulting image is shown below. Brown color represent the identifying activity, red is reading and blue writing. For each utterance I report the activities of both peer using the upper line for participant 1 and the lower line for participant 2. What emerges at a first glance is that during the message composition there is an high probability that the eye will jump on the map and on the history whenever the message utilizes geographical references.
In other words, whenever the message composition requires a geographical encoding of information which are taken from the context (previous messages and / or shared landmarks), the eye checks these information along the editing of the message that should transmit this information. In the sequence of the 4 messages reported below, the last one shows exactly this phenomena: while the first participant is busy exploring the map the other is composing a proposition in which s/he acknowledge the choice of the two parking introduced by the first participant in the first utterance of the sequence, and s/he also introduce an extra arrangement of the scenes based on this selection. At the beginning of the message composition, the eye quickly glance at the history, looking for the confirmation of the parking labels (185 and 180), then quickly at the map looking for the path between the parking lots and the stages. Finally s/he spends the remaining time in the message composition window.
This Friday, I have been playing with some visualizations for my current experiment. The main point is to understand the sequence of actions between the two players trying to organize a concert on distance using a shared map and a chat application. My objective was to show the sequence of actions that brought the pair to reach a certain solution. In the concert experiment I organized there are three types of events: utterances, icon movements, and evaluations of score. Also the activity is not constrained in any way so that the player are free to any of these events at any point in time.
(1) The first goal of my visualization was to show the parallelism of actions between the two players: where there any concurrent actions happening in a micro sequence of the task?
(2) The second point was to show action fragmentations: how many icon movements were performed during the same sequence of interaction?
(3) The third point was to show participants cognitive alignment, superimposing to this information eye-movements registered using the eye-trackers, to answer questions of the kind: do participant B looked at A’s message before performing his/her subsequent actions?
Somehow I was trying to combine Gergle et al. [1] visualization techniques. He used a timeline display to show parallelism ad a time-series to show the sequence of actions in his experiment of a pair in a collaborative problem solving (see the pictures below).
Somehow I was trying to combine these two techniques in a comprehensive visualization. So, I came out with an initial prototype which answer the first two points above. Each line in the series represent a sequence of interaction between the two participants the upper part is reserved to participant A, while the lower part is for participant B. light gray shows the time of composition of a message, while dark gray shows the movements of the icons. Horizontal lines show the score evaluations that were launched during the game. The horizontal axis of the graph represents time (the experiment lasted 45 minutes). The vertical axis starts on the top-left corner and it represents the utterances produced during the interaction.
Reference
[1] D. Gergle, D. R. Millen, R. E. Kraut, and S. R. Fussell. Persistance matters: Making the most of chat in tightly-coupled work. In Proceeding of CHI2004, pages 431–438, Vienna, Austria, April 24-29 2004. ACM Press. [url]
Tags: Computer Supported Collaborative Work, context, controlled experiments, eye-tracking, human computer interaction, information visualization, research, research methodology
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In fact, while the climate of widespread moral uncertainty can in some way be explained by the multiplicity and gravity of today’s social problems, and these can sometimes mitigate the subjective responsibility of individuals, it is no less true that we are confronted by an even larger reality, which can be described as a veritable structure of sin. This reality is characterized by the emergence of a culture which denies solidarity and in many cases takes the form of a veritable “culture of death”. This culture is actively fostered by powerful cultural, economic and political currents which encourage an idea of society excessively concerned with efficiency.Looking at the situation from this point of view, it is possible to speak in a certain sense of a war of the powerful against the weak: a life which would require greater acceptance, love and care is considered useless, or held to be an intolerable burden, and is therefore rejected in one way or another. A person who, because of illness, handicap or, more simply, just by existing, compromises the well-being or life-style of those who are more favoured tends to be looked upon as an enemy to be resisted or eliminated. In this way a kind of “conspiracy against life” is unleashed. This conspiracy involves not only individuals in their personal, family or group relationships, but goes far beyond, to the point of damaging and distorting, at the international level, relations between peoples and States.
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Encyclical Letter Evangelium vitae, 25th March 1995
“If any man would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me” (Mt 16:24).
John Paul II, Good Friday evening, 2000
While looking for an antonym of Extreme Chatting, I remembered this past projects of my colleagues James Auger, Jimmy Loizeau, Stefan Agamanolis. Their idea is that while we communicate we tend more and more to multitask with our conversation partner. I personally call this the browsing disease. So in Iso-Phone, they tried to build a system where we have to give all of our attention (even sensorial) to your colloquy.
The Iso-phone is a telecommunication device providing a service that can be described simply as a meeting of the telephone and the floatation tank. By blocking out peripheral sensory stimulation and distraction, the Iso-phone creates a telephonic communication space of heightened purity and focus.
Copyright notice: the present content was taken from the following URL, the copyrights are reserved by the respective author/s.
Following Mirweis’ advice, I tried to define Extreme Chatting in the Urban Dictionary. It is currently under review.
UPDATE: the definition was accepted on the 24th of April 2007. See it here.
I found Fon’s idea pretty interesting. If you are an internet addict, like me, you certainly experienced the situation of being on the move and having the desperate need of being connected. WiFi penetration is growing enormously but most of the waves out there are coins-operated: you pay for some airminutes.
Fon’s idea is simple: why should you pay if you have already a connection that you pay at home? Well, the point is that you cannot bring your router around… but what if you share your connection with the community and as a member you get the same benefit: free connection?
Fon is actually that: you buy their router, which gives you a private channel and a public channel and as you put your WiFi router into service you get back a free access to all the others public nodes available round the world.
But how extensive is this coverage? I had a look around my region, Cossonay in Switzerland (population: 2696). I found three access points!
What’s next? Well social routing is nice and the size of the community is going to make its success. IMHO we can think about all sorts of services that develops like that. Connectivity is the first step but what if the available services were of different kind and location-based? Wisher is going in this direction.
D. M. Frohlich. Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, chapter Direct Manipulation and Other Lessons, pages 463–488. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Nederlands, second, completely revised edition edition, 1997.
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This chapter is a great literature review of direct manipulation, a class of graphical interfaces that allowed to be operated ‘directly’ using manual actions rather than typed instruction. Their main idea was to move interaction from dialogue to manipulation.
Schneiderman summarised direct manipulation in the following three principles:
1. continuous representation of the object of interest;
2. Physical actions or labelled buttons pressed instead of complex syntax;
3. rapid incremental reversible operations whose impact on the object of interest is immediately visible.
Hutchins et al. defined better what makes manipulation direct: directness equals engagement plus distance. Engagement refers to the locus of control of action within the system; distance refers to the mental effor reqired to trnaslate the goals into actions at the interface and then evaluate their effects.
The chapter reports a comparative review of the major studies concerning direct manipulation interfaces, dividing the studies in three groups: uncritical comparative evaluations; critical comparative evaluations; and naturalistic choice studies. In summary, the studies confirm some but not all of the proposed benefits of direct manipulation and show them to depend on implementation, task and measurement factors.
More recently, mised mode interfaces shifted the locus of the direct manipulation devate from whether direct manipulation is better than other forms of interaction to whn and how its benefits should be combined with other forms.
An interesting point is that the same kind of mixing of agent and model world attributes happens in a different way in computer mediated communication tools. In these cases the interface agents are other people who may act on a shared workspace or document whilst talking to you (Whittaker, Geelhoed, and Robinson, 1993).
Tags: human communication, human computer interaction, interaction design
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